Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden, brief episodes of sleep or lapses into sleep while engaging in activities. It affects between 0.02 percent and 0.18 percent of the population in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Individuals with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness, an inability to stay awake during their usual waking hours, and may sleep for short periods of time during normal waking hours. They may also experience other symptoms such as cataplexy, which is a sudden loss of muscle tone, causing them to collapse; hallucinations or unusual mental experiences; and sleep paralysis, where they may be unable to move for brief periods.

The exact cause of narcolepsy is unknown, but research suggests that it is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is known to be caused by a combination of autoimmune dysfunction, gene mutations and a neurological dysfunction in the sleep-wake centers of the brain. It is also believed to be linked to a deficiency of the neurotransmitter hypocretin, which is involved in regulating arousal and maintaining wakefulness.

For those experiencing symptoms of narcolepsy, diagnosis is obtained through a combination of a physical exam, neurological exam, laboratory tests, and a sleep study. Treatment options vary depending on the individual, but generally include stimulant medications, lifestyle modifications, and behavioral therapy. Additionally, narcolepsy can be managed with lifestyle adjustments such as getting adequate sleep, avoiding caffeine or alcohol, and scheduling regular physical activity.

Narcolepsy can be a severe and life-altering disorder, but early diagnosis and the use of various treatment methods can help individuals with the condition to manage their symptoms and lead productive lives. By educating oneself on the condition and working with a doctor, those afflicted with narcolepsy can work to get the care and support they need to live their lives to the fullest.