Psoriatic arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s own immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in the joints and skin. The condition can affect people of all ages and is more common in those with a family history of the disease. The symptoms of psoriatic arthritis can vary significantly in each patient, ranging from mild joint pain and stiffness to severe and debilitating joint damage.
Though the exact cause of psoriatic arthritis is unknown, genetic factors, environmental triggers, and an individual's anatomy all seem to come into play. It is more common in people who smoke and in those who have a family history of the disease. Psoriatic arthritis is also more likely to affect individuals with psoriasis, a chronic skin condition characterized by patches of red, scaly skin.
Psoriatic arthritis can cause various signs and symptoms, including joint pain and swelling, skin rashes and patches, fatigue, and fever. The condition is mainly diagnosed through physical examinations, imaging tests, and laboratory tests.
The main treatment for psoriatic arthritis revolves around managing pain, preventing joint damage, and improving a patient's overall quality of life. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, medications, physical and occupational therapy, and assistive devices. Some of the most commonly used medications to treat psoriatic arthritis are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and biologic agents. Physical and occupational therapy, along with assistive devices, can help to reduce pain, improve joint flexibility, and strengthen the muscles around the affected joint.
Living with psoriatic arthritis will often mean making lifestyle changes to better manage the condition. Getting enough rest, being physically active, following a balanced diet, and reducing stress are all helpful in controlling symptoms and improving overall health. Although there is no known cure for psoriatic arthritis, it can be managed with the right treatment, lifestyle changes, and support from family and friends.