Tetanus is a toxin-producing bacterial infection of the central nervous system. It is caused by a type of bacteria called Clostridium tetani and is often called lockjaw due to its common symptom of stiffening of the muscles, especially those of the jaw.

Tetanus is highly infectious and can be contracted through dirty or contaminated wounds that allow the bacteria to enter the body. This could occur if the wound is a deep cut, puncture or burn, and the wound has been exposed to dirt, dust, soil or even animal droppings.

The bacteria from a tetanus infection produce a toxin that affects the nervous system, leading to symptoms such as muscle spasms, painful cramping, stiffness of the jaw, fever and increased heart rate. In more severe cases, the toxin can affect the brain, leading to convulsions, difficulty breathing, shock and even death.

The best way to avoid tetanus is to get vaccinated. In some countries, it is a normal part of routine childhood vaccinations and boosters should be given every 10 years. Adults should also consider a vaccination if they have not had one before or if they are travelling to places where tetanus is common.

In cases where a wound is suspected of having been exposed to tetanus, prompt medical attention is needed. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics, antitoxin medication, muscle relaxants and even surgery in some cases. In some cases, a doctor may even need to put a person into a medically induced coma in order to keep them sedated and allow the body time to fight the infection.

Taking simple steps to ensure a wound is clean and covered is the best preventive measure for avoiding tetanus. However, in order to stop it from spreading more widely, it is important to get vaccinated and be vigilant about seeking medical care if you suspect any signs or symptoms of the infection. With prompt diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to stop tetanus in its tracks and prevent serious effects.