High cholesterol is a common medical condition that affects millions of people every year. It occurs when an excessive amount cholesterol, a waxy substance found in the bloodstream, builds up in the artery walls. High cholesterol increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other serious illnesses.

Cholesterol levels are measured with a blood test called a lipid panel. The two main types of cholesterol are LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein). LDL cholesterol is considered "bad" cholesterol because it can contribute to artery blockage. HDL cholesterol is good because it carries cholesterol away from arteries and back to the liver, where it can be broken down or eliminated.

There are a number of lifestyle changes and medications that are used to lower cholesterol. Some lifestyle modifications that can help reduce total cholesterol include exercising regularly, eating a heart-healthy diet, quitting smoking and avoiding alcohol. Medications to lower cholesterol usually work by binding to cholesterol in the blood and either removing it from the body or blocking its absorption. Statins are some of the most common and effective cholesterol-lowering medications, but there are also other types available.

The best way to prevent high cholesterol is to live a healthy lifestyle. Eating a low-sodium, nutrient-rich diet and maintaining a healthy weight are essential for keeping cholesterol levels in check. Getting regular exercise, like walking or jogging, is also important. Additionally, avoiding or limiting alcohol and quitting smoking can have beneficial effects on cholesterol levels.

High cholesterol can have serious consequences if left untreated. Early detection and treatment are key to preventing future health problems. If you are at risk for high cholesterol, it is important to make necessary lifestyle changes and talk to your doctor about potential medications. With the right diet and lifestyle and medical care, high cholesterol can be managed, and your risk for heart disease and stroke can be reduced.