Skin cancer is the most common of all cancers, with the rates having been steadily increasing in recent decades. There are three major types of skin cancer — basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. All three types of skin cancer are caused by either ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or from tanning beds.

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer and is often referred to as a "non-melanoma" because it does not have the melanocytes (pigment cells) found in melanoma. It is characterized by small, raised spots on the skin, which are usually pink, red, translucent, or whitish in color. Basal cell carcinoma usually appears on areas exposed to the sun such as the face, neck, and chest area, and it can spread to surrounding tissue. Treatment options include topical chemotherapy, radiation, and/or surgery.

Squamous cell carcinoma, while not as common as basal cell carcinoma, is still the second most common type of skin cancer. It is commonly seen on sun-exposed parts of the body and is typically characterized by scaly spots or bumps that are reddish in color. Squamous cell carcinoma can spread deeper into the skin if left untreated, and treatment options include topical chemotherapy, radiation and/or surgery.

Melanoma is the third and most dangerous type of skin cancer. It is caused by the same UV radiation found in both basal and squamous cell carcinomas, but it is far more aggressive and has a higher risk for spreading to other areas of the body. Melanoma is characterized by changes in the appearance of moles, such as an increase in size or change in color or texture. If left untreated, the cancer can spread to other organs, including the lungs, brain, and liver. Treatment options include surgical excision, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapy.

The best way to protect yourself from skin cancer is to reduce your exposure to UV radiation. This can be done by staying out of the sun during peak hours, wearing protective clothing and sunscreen when outdoors, and avoiding tanning beds. Regular self-examinations are also important for looking for any changes in moles or new skin lesions that might be suspicious for skin cancer. Early detection can lead to a better outcome.

If you have any skin lesions that you are concerned about, it is important to speak with your doctor about the best course of action. While skin cancer can be devastating, early detection and treatment can save your life.