Atrial fibrillation, often called afib or AF, is a quivering or irregular heartbeat that can lead to blood clots, stroke, heart failure, and other heart-related complications. Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of irregular heartbeat, affecting more than 2.7 million Americans and millions more around the world.

Atrial fibrillation occurs when the two small upper chambers of the heart, the atria, contract erratically instead of normally beating in a coordinated rhythm. This irregular contraction can cause an abnormal heart rate and an increase in the number of heart beats per minute. This can reduce the amount of blood that is pumped to the rest of the body, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue.

The cause of atrial fibrillation is not always known but some factors can increase the risk such as high blood pressure, heart attack, heart failure, abnormal heart valves, sleep apnea, thyroid disease, alcohol or drug abuse, viruses, and certain medications. It is also more common in older adults and people with certain types of heart disease.

Treatment for atrial fibrillation depends on the severity of the condition, the individual's risk of stroke or other complications, and their overall health and lifestyle. For most people, medications such as blood thinners, heart rhythm medicines, and beta blockers are recommended to control the heart rate and reduce the risk of stroke. Other treatments may include electrical cardioversion (shock therapy) or ablation (a procedure that reduces the risk of AF recurrence). Surgery such as replacement/repair of heart valves may also be an option for some individuals.

It is important for people with atrial fibrillation to be monitored closely by a cardiologist, who can help determine the best course of treatment. In addition, lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding alcohol and caffeine may help reduce symptoms and prevent future episodes.

Atrial fibrillation can be a serious condition, but with proper treatment and lifestyle modifications, most people can lead a normal and healthy life.