Macular degeneration is an age-related disorder that affects many people, especially the elderly. It is a condition in which the macula, the small area in the center of the retina, begins to deteriorate due to the accumulation of cell debris and yellow deposits called drusen, which obstruct vision. Macular degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss in older adults and is classified as either wet or dry.

The wet form arises when abnormal blood vessels begin to grow underneath the retina. These new vessels can leak fluids and blood and damage the macula. It is the more advanced form of the disorder, and if untreated, it can lead to rapid vision losses. It can be treated with laser surgery or drugs that stop or slow the growth of new blood vessels.

The dry form of macular degeneration is the most common form and is characterised by the gradual accumulation of yellow deposits, called drusen, in the macula. It usually progresses slowly and rarely results in total blindness, but it can lead to progressive vision loss. The cause of dry macular degeneration is not fully understood, but is believed to be caused by age-related changes in the eyes. Treatment mostly consists of lifestyle modifications such as eating a healthy diet, avoiding smoking, and protecting eyes from UV light, as well as vitamin and mineral supplements.

Regardless of the form, people with macular degeneration often experience difficulty with activities like reading, driving, and recognizing faces. Early detection is important for preserving vision. People over the age of 60, especially those at higher risk for the disorder, should get regular eye exams in order to monitor changes in the macula. If changes are detected early, treatment options such as lifestyle modifications and vision aids can help to preserve vision.

Macular degeneration is a common disorder in the elderly and while it can cause significant vision loss, early detection and treatment can help preserve vision.