Gastroenterologists are medical professionals with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to the digestive system. They are trained in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders of the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, and biliary and pancreatic systems. They also may diagnose and treat certain conditions of the gallbladder, liver, and other parts of the digestive system.
Gastroenterologists are physicians who have completed a residency in internal medicine and have then received additional specialized training, such as an additional one or two-year fellowship, in gastroenterology. This type of physician deals with all aspects of the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas and gall bladder. The vast majority of gastroenterology physicians spend much of their time with endoscopy and sigmoidoscopy procedures to diagnose and treat digestive tract and liver problems.
Gastroenterologists are involved in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of acute and chronic conditions of digestive organs, such as GERD, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcers, colorectal cancer, liver diseases, and ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterologists may also treat diseases of the pancreas, such as pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis. They evaluate and treat diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites that affect the digestive tract as well. In addition, they must identify structural problems such as masses, blockages, and strictures that can be blocking something in the digestive tract.
Gastroenterologists rely on a variety of tests and procedures to diagnose and treat digestive disorders. These may include endoscopy, where a camera is used to look inside of the digestive tract and specialized imaging tests, such as colonoscopies, which look inside of the colon. By looking inside the digestive tract, gastroenterologists are able to diagnose and treat many digestive disorders, such as tumors, ulcers, and diseases of the pancreas.
Gastroenterologists may also develop a patient's treatment plan. This may include medications, lifestyle changes, and further diagnostic testing. In some cases, a gastroenterologist may decide that a medical procedure or surgery is necessary. This could include endoscopies or operations on the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and other areas of the digestive tract.
Gastroenterologists are essential members of the health care team who work to ensure that people have the knowledge they need to maintain healthy digestive systems.