Urinary incontinence refers to the inability to control the release of urine. It can lead to embarrassment and isolation, which is why so many people keep silent about it.

There are many signs of incontinence, and each person’s experience is different. Urge incontinence, the sudden need to urinate, is the most common symptom. You may experience urge incontinence if you drink too much liquid, have an infection, have a change in diet, or have not gone to the bathroom in a while.

Urge incontinence can also occur if you have an overactive bladder. This occurs when the muscles in the bladder contract at an increased rate, causing an urgent need to urinate. It is most common in women.

Leaking when you cough, sneeze or laugh is another common symptom. You may also experience incontinence during sexual intercourse if you experience pelvic floor muscle spasms. Other signs include weak urine flow, feeling like you have to urinate even if you just went to the bathroom, and a feeling that your bladder is not completely empty after urination.

Incontinence can be caused by a variety of different factors. The most common cause is aging, which can result in the weakening of the muscles around the bladder and pelvic area. Other causes include pregnancy, childbirth, being overweight or underweight, chronic medical conditions such as diabetes or kidney disease, and certain medications. Incontinence can also result from an injury to the pelvic floor muscles or nerves.

Incontinence can be managed but not cured. Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of your symptoms. If you are diagnosed with urge incontinence, your doctor may recommend that you increase fluid intake and decrease caffeine intake. Stress incontinence may be treated with pelvic floor exercises, medications, or surgery.

If incontinence is caused by an underlying medical condition, your doctor will likely recommend treatment for the underlying condition. If incontinence is caused by an injury, physical therapy, pelvic floor exercises, or surgery may help you regain bladder control. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms or recognize them in someone you know, consult a doctor or visit a urogynecologist to discuss treatment options.