Chronic leukemia is one of the rare forms of leukemia where the cancer cells grow and develop slowly. It is known to affect individuals above 50 years of age, however, recent studies have shown that the younger population is also prone to chronic leukemia. The cancer cells develop in the bone marrow and eventually spread to other parts of the body, primarily the lymph nodes and spleen. There are two types of chronic leukemia- chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) affects the lymphocytes or white blood cells which are primarily responsible for the body's defense mechanism. It is characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood. Patients with CLL may not show any symptoms in the early stages, and the disease may only be discovered during a routine medical checkup. As the disease progresses, common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, swollen lymph nodes, fever, and frequent infections.
On the other hand, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) develops in the myeloid cells in the bone marrow, which give rise to various kinds of blood cells. It is characterized by an uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells called granulocytes. The symptoms of CML usually develop gradually and include fatigue, weight loss, fever, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and a feeling of fullness in the stomach.
The diagnosis of chronic leukemia is usually confirmed through blood tests including complete blood count (CBC), bone marrow biopsy, and molecular tests. Once a diagnosis is confirmed, treatment options are recommended depending on the type and severity of leukemia. In the case of CLL, treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or stem cell transplant in specific cases. Whereas, in the case of CML, medication is the primary mode of treatment. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the most common medication used to manage CML.
Living with chronic leukemia can be challenging. It is not only emotionally taxing but can also be physically exhausting for patients. Coping mechanisms such as support groups and counseling can help alleviate some of the stress associated with the disease. Regular exercises, healthy diets, and sufficient rest can also help manage some of the disease's symptoms. It is imperative to monitor the disease closely and seek medical advice when specific symptoms arise.
In conclusion, chronic leukemia is a complex disease that can have a significant impact on a patient's life. Early diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and management. With the help of healthcare professionals, support groups, and self-care, individuals with chronic leukemia can learn to manage their condition and lead a fulfilling life.