Glaucoma is one of the most common eye diseases in the world. It is a leading cause of blindness and vision impairment, affecting over 70 million people worldwide. Glaucoma occurs when the pressure in the eye increases, damaging the optic nerve and causing irreversible vision damage.

The causes of glaucoma remain largely unknown, but factors such as genetics and family history increase the likelihood of the disease. Also, people are at higher risk if they are over the age of 60, are African American, Hispanic or Asian, or if they have a history of diabetes or high blood pressure.

Treating glaucoma includes both surgical and medical options. Both treatments involve lowering the intraocular pressure, or IOP, which is the primary cause of damage to the optic nerve. Surgery is usually done to reduce the IOP by opening drainage pathways around the eye. Many topical medications can also help reduce the IOP.

It is important to diagnose and treat glaucoma early, as the condition can cause irreversible vision damage if left untreated. Most glaucoma screenings and treatments involve taking a comprehensive eye exam, using advanced imaging technology to visualize the inside of the eye and check for signs of glaucoma.

If glaucoma is diagnosed, it is usually treated with eye drops, oral medication or laser therapy. Surgery is sometimes used for more advanced cases, but it is important to understand the risks and benefits before choosing surgery. In addition to medication and surgery, lifestyle changes such as reducing eye strain and avoiding activities that can put excess strain on the eye can also help keep glaucoma from worsening.

Glaucoma is a serious and often sight-threatening condition, but treatments are available to help manage the disease and prevent further damage. It is important to visit your eye doctor regularly for a comprehensive eye exam and discuss any risk factors that may make you more likely to develop glaucoma. By taking the necessary steps, you can help protect your vision and quality of life.