Hepatocellular carcinoma, or HCC, is a primary cancer of the liver. It is the most common type of liver cancer worldwide and is the fastest growing cause of cancer-related death in the United States.

HCC begins as a tumor in the lining of one or more of the liver’s lobes, and it can spread to other parts of the body. HCC is caused by a combination of factors, including viruses and cirrhosis, which is a type of long-term, progressive liver damage.

Risk factors for developing HCC include chronic hepatitis B or C virus infections, cirrhosis from alcohol abuse, dietary exposure to environmental toxins, diabetes, and metabolic disorders. Other risk factors include a family history of HCC, age over 60, and male gender.

Treatment of HCC depends on how progressed it is, but often involves surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. Liver transplantation can be a possible treatment for early-stage HCC. Medications, such as sorafenib, and targeted therapies, such as embolization and radiofrequency ablation, can also be options.

HCC is commonly found at late stages, but there are a few signs and symptoms that may appear in earlier advanced stages. These include jaundice, weight loss, abdominal pain, and easy bruising or bleeding.

It is important to be aware of possible risk factors and symptoms of HCC and get regular checkups. Your healthcare provider may recommend certain tests and procedures to screen for HCC if you are at high risk or have a positive family history of the disease.

Overall, HCC is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. Working with your healthcare provider to identify and manage risk factors, early detection, and following through with recommended treatment plans can be vital in managing the condition and increasing life expectancy.