Cholesterol is a type of fat that your body needs in order to make hormones and build cell walls, but too much of it can cause health problems. High levels of cholesterol can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other medical conditions.

Cholesterol is found in all foods that contain fat, including meat, dairy products, eggs, and some plant foods. Your body can make all the cholesterol it needs, but most people get about one-third to one-half of their cholesterol from food.

The two types of cholesterol are LDL and HDL. LDL cholesterol, known as the “bad” cholesterol, can build up in your arteries and form plaque, which can restrict the flow of blood to your heart. High levels of LDL are particularly associated with increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

HDL cholesterol, known as the “good” cholesterol, helps remove cholesterol from the arteries and transport it back to the liver, where it’s passed out of the body. Higher levels of HDL are associated with a lower risk of heart disease.

Your doctor can test your cholesterol levels as part of a regular physical exam. If your levels are too high, your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthier diet, exercising more, losing weight, and quitting smoking. Depending on your risk factors, your doctor may also suggest taking a cholesterol-lowering medication, such as a statin.

Eating a diet low in saturated and trans fats, controlling the amount of cholesterol you eat, and eating more nutrient-dense foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is key to managing cholesterol and keeping your heart healthy. Also be sure to include foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, like salmon, nuts, and seeds; these have been shown to have a beneficial effect on cholesterol levels.

Keeping cholesterol in check is important for protecting your heart and overall health. Talk to your doctor about your diet and lifestyle and make sure to get your cholesterol levels checked at least once a year.