Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by recurring episodes of drowsiness, sleepiness, and brief lapses in alertness. It is a neurological condition that can affect how people function in daily life, causing an inability to stay awake during normal activities and an inability to control the timing and intensity of sleep attacks.
People who suffer from narcolepsy experience poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy (temporary muscle weakness), and hallucinations. Many of those living with narcolepsy also struggle with depression, anxiety, and other sleep-related problems.
The exact cause of narcolepsy is not fully understood, however research suggests that a defect in the processing of the neurobiological signaling molecule, hypocretin (also called orexin), is the cause of narcolepsy. Hypocretin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles. When the hypothalamus does not produce enough of this molecule, narcolepsy may result.
Narcolepsy can be disabling and can greatly interfere with everyday life. People with narcolepsy experience disrupted sleep patterns, which can lead to poor performance in work and school and even accidents. People affected by narcolepsy can experience EDS, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), with no warning. When EDS becomes severe, it can lead to episodes known as “sleep attacks” where a person can fall asleep and remain asleep for 30 minutes, 1 or 2 hours without control.
Often, the first step in managing narcolepsy is a proper diagnosis and the implementation of lifestyle modifications, such as decreasing stress and avoiding caffeine, participating in light exercise, and sticking to regular sleep schedules. Medications are also available to help manage the symptoms.
Narcolepsy can be a challenging condition to live with and manage, but proper treatment and self-care can help people who suffer from this disorder to better cope and thrive. There are support groups and online resources dedicated to helping those living with narcolepsy. With the help of these resources and the support of family, friends, and healthcare professionals, those living with narcolepsy can lead better-quality lives.