Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to describe progressive lung diseases such as emphysema, chronic bronchitis, refractory (non-reversible) asthma, and some forms of bronchiectasis. It is a progressive lung disease which means it gradually gets worse over time. This is because COPD damage is irreversible and cannot be fixed, so the only way to manage and control it is through preventive measures and treatments.

COPD is caused by damage to the lungs from long-term exposure to substances that irritate and damage the airways. The two most common substances are tobacco smoke and air pollution. Other irritants such as chronic exposure to chemical fumes, dust, and second-hand smoke can also contribute.

The primary symptom of COPD is breathlessness or difficulty breathing. Other common symptoms include coughing, wheezing, increased mucus production, chest tightness, and fatigue. In severe cases, people with COPD can experience episodes of intense difficulty breathing and air hunger known as exacerbations or flare-ups. These can be life- threatening and require immediate medical care.

The best way to prevent COPD is to avoid smoking and exposure to pollutants. If you already smoke, quitting is the single most important step you can take. Other prevention strategies to reduce your risk of developing COPD include wearing a protective mask when working with hazardous materials, avoiding second-hand smoke, and getting annual flu shots.

For people with COPD, managing the condition involves taking medications, participating in pulmonary rehabilitation, and making lifestyle changes. Medications prescribed by your doctor such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids can help open airways and make breathing easier. Pulmonary rehabilitation can also help improve breathing and quality of life. This often involves exercise with a respiratory therapist and breathing retraining techniques. It is important to also make lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, avoiding smoke and pollution, and getting adequate rest.

Living with COPD can be difficult, but there are many treatments and lifestyle changes that can help make managing the condition easier. It is important to be evaluated by your healthcare team for diagnosis, treatment, and management of your COPD. With effective treatments, lifestyle modifications, and continued medical care, people with COPD can lead thriving and fulfilling lives.