Children are especially prone to allergies, and understanding the type of allergies and their symptoms can be confusing and stressful. An allergy is an abnormal response of the body's immune system to harmless things, such as certain foods, drugs, or substances in the environment. Allergic reactions can vary in intensity, from a mild irritation to a potentially life-threatening response known as anaphylaxis.

The most common type of allergy in children is food allergy. Around 4-8% of children have a food allergy, with most reactions to cow's milk, eggs, peanuts and other tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish. Signs and symptoms include rashes, hives, itching, swelling, facial swelling, shortness of breath, and anaphylaxis.

The second most common type of childhood allergy is environmental or seasonal allergies. These can occur all year, such as due to exposure to pet dander, or can change with the seasons, such as when tree and grass pollens are in the air. Symptoms can include nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose, red, itchy and watery eyes, and wheezing.

When a child exhibits signs of an allergy, it is important to talk to the pediatrician. The doctor will determine the source of the allergies and recommend the best treatment. Treatments can range from avoiding the trigger to medication such as antihistamines, decongestants, and corticosteroids. In some cases, immunotherapy may be recommended in order to desensitize the child and reduce the risk of a serious allergy attack.

It is important to take steps to limit a child's exposure to known allergens. This means keeping foods they are allergic to out of their environment, as well as making sure the home is clean and free of possible triggers, such as pet dander, dust and mold. If a child has environmental allergies, taking steps to keep the windows closed during pollen season and using an air purifier can help to reduce their exposure.

Although allergies can be scary and confusing for parents, it is important to talk to the pediatrician about any concerns. With the right diagnosis and treatment, children with allergies can lead healthy, happy lives.