Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects how an individual thinks, feels and acts. It is a psychiatric disorder that is characterized by a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion and behaviour leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion and a sense of mental chaos.
The causes of schizophrenia are unknown. A combination of genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in its development. Hereditary influences is suggested to play a part as schizophrenia occurs more frequently in some families. Genes may interact with environmental factors such as stress to trigger the disorder.
People with schizophrenia may experience a range of symptoms including hallucinations (hearing, seeing or feeling things that others do not), delusions (irrational beliefs held despite evidence to the contrary), disorganized speech and behaviour, and a lack of motivation. It is important to note that people with schizophrenia have impaired social, occupational and behavioural functioning.
People with schizophrenia require ongoing medical care, psychosocial interventions, and family support. Treatment may include antipsychotic medications which help to reduce the intensity and frequency of symptoms. Psychosocial interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy, family therapy, supported employment and assertive community treatment can help to reduce the impact of symptoms on the person’s life. Social support is also important as people with schizophrenia often experience isolation and stigma.
Schizophrenia affects millions of people worldwide. People living with the disorder can lead full and meaningful lives with family, friends and in the community when they are provided with appropriate support and treatment. There is hope for those affected by schizophrenia and correct diagnosis and management can provide the best chance of recovery.
It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia and seek professional help as early as possible. With proper care and support, the quality of life for someone with schizophrenia can be significantly improved.