Cold sores, or fever blisters, are a common and often recurrent problem. They are caused by the herpes virus and most often occur on the lips and sometimes in and around the mouth and other areas of the skin. They can be painful, unsightly, and embarrassing.

The herpes virus is highly contagious and is spread through contact with infected skin, such as kissing and sharing eating utensils. Once a person is infected with the virus, it remains dormant in the body in a latent state and can be reactivated under certain conditions. These typically include physical and emotional stress, hormonal changes or changes in the immune system, fatigue or illness, sun or wind exposure and cold or dry weather.

When the virus is reactivated, lots of small liquid-filled blisters, often in a cluster, can form on the lip or around the mouth. Over time, the blisters can form scabs, which eventually flake away. Most cold sores heal within several days to two weeks without scarring, although they can recur over time.

In terms of treatment, antiviral medications such as acyclovir (Zovirax) and valacyclovir (Valtrex) can reduce the severity and duration of a cold sore outbreak. These medications are most effective when taken as soon as symptoms begin to appear. Additionally, over the counter topical ointments can help relieve the itching, burning and swelling associated with cold sores and can also speed up the healing process.

Preventative measures include avoiding activities that can spread the virus, such as kissing, sharing utensils and avoiding direct contact with cold sores, as well as managing stress and avoiding triggers such as sun and wind exposure, cold or dry weather and certain foods. Additionally, individuals with cold sores should always wash their hands regularly and try to keep their lips moist with lip balm.

To sum up, cold sores can be uncomfortable, irritating and embarrassing. However, there are treatments and preventative measures available that can help reduce outbreaks and lessen the associated symptoms.