Meibomian gland dysfunction, or MGD, is a common eye condition affecting millions worldwide. The condition is characterized by the malfunction of the meibomian glands, which produce natural oils that keep the eyes healthy and functioning normally. Various treatment options are available to help treat and manage the condition. This article will discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

The meibomian glands are found inside the eyelids and secrete a waxy, oily substance called meibum that prevents the eye from becoming dry. In patients with MGD, the meibomian glands become clogged, inflamed, or do not secrete enough oils to lubricate the eye properly. This causes the eyelids to become irritated, causing swelling, redness, and pain.

There are many causes of MGD, including aging, weather, genetics, eye infections, and medications. Extra pressure on the eyelids due to excessive eye rubbing and wearing tight-fitting eyeglasses can also cause meibomian gland dysfunction.

The symptoms of meibomian gland dysfunction vary depending on the severity of the condition. Most people with the condition experience redness and irritation in the eyelids, as well as a feeling of dryness and grittiness in their eyes. The redness is often associated with itching, burning, and a feeling of irritation in the eyes. You may also experience some blurriness and sensitivity to bright light, as well as itching and burning in the eyes.

If the condition is left untreated, a bacterial or viral infection in the eyes may occur. Swelling and inflammation in the eyelids can cause the eyes to appear bloodshot and feel extremely tender and painful. If left untreated, the infection can cause scarring and permanent damage to the eye.

Treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction can help reduce the condition's symptoms and improve the eyes' overall health. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the symptoms. Eye drops can be used when the condition is mild and can help ease the symptoms.

When meibomian gland dysfunction is more severe, lid scrubs can help stimulate the production of healthy oils in the eyes. To perform a lid scrub, an eye care professional will apply a saltwater solution to the eyelids. The saltwater solution will break down the old, hardened oils in the meibomian glands and help stimulate the glands to produce fresh, new oils.

When meibomian gland dysfunction is very severe, or when the condition has been present for a long period of time, the eyelids may have grown too thick and heavy to fully retract. In these cases, an eye care professional may recommend an eyelid retraction to help reduce the thickness of the eyelids and allow the glands to express fully. Eyelid retraction is a minor procedure that involves removing a small amount of tissue from the eyelids to make them thinner and more pliable.

The best way to treat and prevent meibomian gland dysfunction is to maintain proper hydration and protect your eyes from environmental irritants and eye infections. If you experience symptoms of meibomian gland dysfunction, visit an eye doctor and start preventative treatment as soon as possible.