Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile due to decreased density. It is most common among older adults, but it can also occur in younger people as well. Osteoporosis increases one's risk of breaking a bone from minor trauma or everyday activities, such as bending over or sitting up from a lying position.

The causes of osteoporosis are not fully understood; however certain risk factors contribute to its development, including age, gender (women are more likely to develop osteoporosis than men), ethnicity (Caucasians and Asians are at higher risk than other races), family history, eating disorders, smoking, poor nutrition, and low levels of physical activity. Other medical conditions such as arthritis, Celiac disease, and diabetes can also increase the risk of developing osteoporosis.

As we age, our bones become thinner and less dense. This is due to the fact that our body no longer produces as many bone-building materials as it did when we were younger. At the same time, the rate of removal (“resorption”) of old bones increases, causing further weakening of the bones. This natural process can be accelerated by factors such as smoking, excess alcohol consumption, poor nutrition, and lack of physical activity.

There are many treatments available for those with osteoporosis. Treatment typically includes lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise, eating a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, quitting smoking, avoiding alcohol, and taking medications to slow down bone loss and help build new bone. Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking or jogging, are especially beneficial because they help strengthen bones. Physical therapists can provide exercises that reduce the likelihood of falls. This is important in preventing fractures due to osteoporosis. Certain medications, such as bisphosphonates, may be prescribed by a doctor to reduce the rate of bone loss and prevent fractures caused by osteoporosis.

Other types of bone conditions include osteopenia, Paget's disease, rickets, and scoliosis. Osteopenia is a condition in which the density of bones is below normal but not yet at the level seen in osteoporosis. Paget's disease is a disorder of the bone remodeling cycle that results in an abnormal enlargement and weakening of bones. Rickets is a childhood disorder caused by a vitamin D deficiency that leads to deformities such as bowed legs or knocked knees. And scoliosis is an abnormal spine curving that can cause discomfort and decreased mobility.

These conditions can be treated with lifestyle changes, including regular exercise, proper nutrition, quitting smoking, avoiding alcohol, medications, physical therapy, and, in some cases, surgery. Discuss the best treatment option with your doctor or healthcare provider.

It is important to assess one's risk of developing osteoporosis and take preventative steps early in order to reduce the risk and slow down or stop bone loss. Those already diagnosed with the condition should speak to their doctor about treatment options that can help reduce symptoms, improve quality of life, and prevent fractures due to osteoporosis. With early intervention and lifestyle changes, those affected by this condition can still lead an active and healthy life.