Age-related macular degeneration (also known as AMD) is a common yet serious condition which causes you to lose the central vision in your eye. Although it is possible to develop AMD in just one eye, both eyes are usually affected once the disease progresses. While there is no known cure, you can decrease your risk of developing this condition.

There are two primary types of AMD. Most people who are diagnosed with AMD are diagnosed with dry AMD. The macula is part of your eye which processes your central line of vision. The macula may become thinner as you age, causing protein clumps to grow. These protein clumps (known as drusen) interfere with your vision and enlarge over time. There is no known cure for dry AMD, and as of yet, there is no treatment either.

The second type of AMD is called wet AMD. While wet AMD is less common, it is usually more serious. Sometimes dry AMD can turn into wet AMD. Wet AMD may occur when new blood vessels grow underneath the retina. These abnormal vessels may start to leak fluids and blood under the retina, causing damaging scar tissue to form. This formation leads to rapid vision loss and will significantly impair your field of vision.

AMD is diagnosed by your ophthalmologist using a specialized test called the Amsler grid. This grid helps you detect noticeable changes in vision, such as blurriness, blind spots, and distortions. In addition, your ophthalmologist will look into your eye to check for changes in the macula.

To check for wet AMD, your ophthalmologist will conduct a fluorescein angiography. They will inject a harmless yellow dye into your arm. As it travels through your bloodstream, your ophthalmologist will use a specialized camera to inspect your eyes for newly formed blood vessels growing under the retina.

One of the most important ways to minimize your chances of developing AMD is not to smoke. If you do smoke, quitting can also decrease your risk. Lowering your cholesterol levels, maintaining a healthy weight, and staying active are also important ways to reduce your chances.

It is important to visit your eye doctor regularly and to let them know if you have any family history of AMD, as there is a genetic component. Be sure to maintain a balanced diet with plenty of green, leafy vegetables. Leafy vegetables contain large amounts of vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, zinc, and copper. These vitamins and minerals are vital to maintaining good eye health.

If you are diagnosed with either type of AMD, your ophthalmologist may recommend laser therapy or other treatments to help preserve the vision you have left. Several low-vision tools are also available, including magnifiers, handheld computers, and other devices. You can also learn how to rely on your peripheral vision to help you maintain your quality of life.